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Biology EOC Prep 3

Cellular Reproduction

Question: Process which results in two new cells with genetic material that is identical to the genetic material of the original cell.
Answer: Mitosis

Question: During which portion of the cell cycle do cells spend the majority of their type?
Answer: Interphase

Question: What importation reproductive step happens during the S phase of interphase?
Answer: DNA is replicated

Question: What are the products of meiosis?
Answer: 4 haploid cells which are genetically different from one another.

Question: Which step of Meiosis provides genetic recombination? When does this happen?
Answer: Crossing over; occurs in Prophase 1 of Meiosis 1

Cellular Respiration

Question: The complex process in which cells make ATP is called ____________.
Answer: Cellular respiration

Question: The breaking down of a glucose molecule to yield 2 ATP molecules.
Answer: Glycolysis

Question: The combination of glycolysis and any pathway which does not use oxygen is called _________.
Answer: fermentation

Question: What are the two types of fermentation?
Answer: lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic fermentation

Question: In which organelle does the majority of cellular respiration occur?
Answer: Mitochondria

Classification of Organisms

Question: The science of naming and classifying organisms is called ______________.
Answer: Taxonomy

Question: The system of two part scientific names is called ________________.
Answer: Binomial nomenclature

Question: The most specific grouping of organisms which consists of only a single kind of organism.
Answer: species

Question: What is wrong with the way the following scientific name is written?


Quercus Virginiana
Answer: It should be written Quercus virginiana and underlined or italicized.
Genus name is capitalized, species name is not.

Question: List the hierarchy of organization of organisms.
Answer: Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes

Question: Bacteria are an example of which type of cell? Prokaryote or Eukaryote?
Answer: Prokaryotic

Question: Any organism that is multicellular must be which type of organism? Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Answer: Eukaryotic
(Although some single celled organisms can also be eukaryotic)

Question: How to prokaryotic cells reproduce?
Answer: Binary fission

Question: Scientists believe that the first cells to evolve on planet Earth were ________? Prokaryotes or Eukaryotes?
Answer: Prokaryotes

Question: What are the differences between prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?
Answer: Prokaryotes lack a membrane bound nucleus while eukaryotes have a membrane bound nucleus

Prokaryotes lack membrane bound organelles while eukaryotes have membrane bound organelles

Prokaryotes are single celled organisms, while eukaryotes can be single celled or multi-cellular

Bacteria & Viruses

Question: True or False: Viruses are considered to be living organisms.
Answer: False: Viruses do not satisfy all seven characteristics of life. For example, viruses cannot reproduce on their own.

Question: Rod shaped bacteria are called ___________.
Answer: bacilli

Question: The DNA of bacteria is in what form?
Answer: plasmid (small, circular, self-replicating loops)

Question: Viruses which infect bacteria are called ________________.
Answer: bacteriophages

Question: The gram staining technique allows scientists to classify bacteria based on what cellular structure?
Answer: Their cell wall (gram positive vs. gram negative)