eQuizShow
Biology EOC Prep
Characteristics of Life
Question: The maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions despite external conditions.
Answer: Homeostasis
Question: The sum of all chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.
Answer: Metabolism
Question: An owl's pupils will dilate to keep the level of light entering the eye constant. What characteristic of life is this an example of?
Answer: Response to stimuli (Light is stimuli... pupil size changing is the response)
Question: The fact that all living organisms are made of one or more cells has to do with which characteristic of life?
Answer: Organization
Question: List the seven characteristics of life.
Answer: Organization, Responsiveness, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Growth, Reproduction, Ability to evolve.
Biochemistry
Question: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Answer: Matter
Question: Organic compounds are made primarily of which type of atom?
Answer: Carbon atoms
Question: The energy currency for our cells is a compound known as __________.
Answer: ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
Question: Biological macromolecule that does not dissolve in water and is the main component of the cell membrane.
Answer: Lipid
Question: List the four biological macromolecules.
Answer: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids.
DNA structure
Question: Which scientists were credited with discovering the complex structure of DNA.
Answer: Watson & Crick
Question: What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Answer: A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
Question: What types of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds
Question: In DNA, the pyrimidine Thymine always pairs with the purine __________.
Answer: Adenine
Question: What makes up the DNA "backbone" or "railing?"
Answer: Alternating sugar and phosphate groups
Heredity
Question: Who was the first to conduct a scientific study of heredity?
Answer: Gregor Mendel
Question: Alternative forms of genes are called ___________.
Answer: Alleles
Question: If an allele masks or covers up another allele, it must mean it is _________.
Answer: Dominant
Question: An organisms genetic makeup can be referred to as its ______________. As opposed to the outward expression of its genes.
Answer: Genotype
Question: If an organism has one dominant allele for a trait and one recessive allele for a trait, it is said to be _____________ for that trait.
Answer: heterozygous
Cellular Processes
Question: The diffusion of water through a cell membrane is referred to as _____________.
Answer: Osmosis
Question: If a cell is placed in a solution in which water is moving in and out of the cell at equal rates, that solution is said to be _______________.
Answer: isotonic
Question: When materials move across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient (using energy) it is called ___________________.
Answer: Active Transport
Question: The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
Answer: Cellular Respiration
Question: When oxygen is not present, instead of going through aerobic respiration, cells will switch to this anaerobic process.
Answer: Fermentation