eQuizShow

Biology EOC Prep

Characteristics of Life

Question: The maintenance of a stable level of internal conditions despite external conditions.
Answer: Homeostasis

Question: The sum of all chemical reactions that take in and transform energy and materials from the environment.
Answer: Metabolism

Question: An owl's pupils will dilate to keep the level of light entering the eye constant. What characteristic of life is this an example of?
Answer: Response to stimuli (Light is stimuli... pupil size changing is the response)

Question: The fact that all living organisms are made of one or more cells has to do with which characteristic of life?
Answer: Organization

Question: List the seven characteristics of life.
Answer: Organization, Responsiveness, Homeostasis, Metabolism, Growth, Reproduction, Ability to evolve.

Biochemistry

Question: Anything that has mass and occupies space.
Answer: Matter

Question: Organic compounds are made primarily of which type of atom?
Answer: Carbon atoms

Question: The energy currency for our cells is a compound known as __________.
Answer: ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

Question: Biological macromolecule that does not dissolve in water and is the main component of the cell membrane.
Answer: Lipid

Question: List the four biological macromolecules.
Answer: Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic acids.

DNA structure

Question: Which scientists were credited with discovering the complex structure of DNA.
Answer: Watson & Crick

Question: What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
Answer: A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

Question: What types of bonds hold the nitrogenous bases together?
Answer: Hydrogen bonds

Question: In DNA, the pyrimidine Thymine always pairs with the purine __________.
Answer: Adenine

Question: What makes up the DNA "backbone" or "railing?"
Answer: Alternating sugar and phosphate groups

Heredity

Question: Who was the first to conduct a scientific study of heredity?
Answer: Gregor Mendel

Question: Alternative forms of genes are called ___________.
Answer: Alleles

Question: If an allele masks or covers up another allele, it must mean it is _________.
Answer: Dominant

Question: An organisms genetic makeup can be referred to as its ______________. As opposed to the outward expression of its genes.
Answer: Genotype

Question: If an organism has one dominant allele for a trait and one recessive allele for a trait, it is said to be _____________ for that trait.
Answer: heterozygous

Cellular Processes

Question: The diffusion of water through a cell membrane is referred to as _____________.
Answer: Osmosis

Question: If a cell is placed in a solution in which water is moving in and out of the cell at equal rates, that solution is said to be _______________.
Answer: isotonic

Question: When materials move across a cell membrane against the concentration gradient (using energy) it is called ___________________.
Answer: Active Transport

Question: The complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
Answer: Cellular Respiration

Question: When oxygen is not present, instead of going through aerobic respiration, cells will switch to this anaerobic process.
Answer: Fermentation