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History 27 Final Exam Prep

Birth Control

Question: She blamed her mother's early death by tuberculosis on having had too many children (11!) and became a nurse and social activist in the early 1900s.
Answer: Who is Margaret Sanger?

Question: She worked together with Margaret Sanger and Gregory Pincus to create the first ever hormonal birth control pill.
Answer: Katherine Dexter McCormick

Question: These changes in birth rates and population at the turn of the century contributed to anti-birth control sentiment and even led President Theodore Roosevelt to declare Americans at risk of extinction.
Answer: What is: Poor immigrants were having many children, while white middle and upper class women were having less.

Question: This social movement was very popular at the same time as the Birth Control Movement but was distinctive because it emphasised the overall 'health' of the nation instead of the will of individual women.
Answer: What is: Positive and negative eugenics; the eugenics movement.

Question: Women who wanted to obtain the pill enovid had to convince their doctors that they were...
Answer: Either suffering from a menstrual disorder or, once the Pill was approved for birth control use, that they were married.

Roaring 20s

Question: This was by far the most popular entertainment medium of the 1920s
Answer: The film industry

Question: The iconic female image of the era was exemplified in the works of this 1920s author
Answer: F. Scott Fitzgerald

Question: Although present in America since the early turn of the century, but the 1920s this invention had become commonplace and was revolutionising the new concept of 'dating'
Answer: The Car; Ford Model T

Question: This movement, in which women were heavily involved, resulted in Prohibition from 1920 -1933.
Answer: Temperance

Question: Shortly after attaining suffrage, this legislative act provided money for the education and health care of mothers and babies and was the most significant political victory for women in politics during the era maternal and infant mortality rates were much improved but unfortunately the act was not renewed in the great depression.
Answer: Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Act of 1921

Great Depression

Question: She worked as a photographer for the Farm Securities Commission and took the now infamous photo entitled 'Migrant Mother'
Answer: Dorothea Lange

Question: Along with the increasing availability of electricity, new food products revolutionised the housewife's kitchen during the 1930s including up to 21 versions of this popular canned food...
Answer: Soup (campbells)
also accepted: breakfast cereal and canned coffee.

Question: First woman appointed to a cabinet level position, she was FDR's secretary of labor from 1933 - 1945.
Answer: Frances Perkins

Question: What was the most significant statistical change in marriage during the Great Depression?
Answer: Less women got married, less women divorced. (less babies born as well)
[more than six million single women supported themselves or contributed to their parents' households in the 1930s. The marriage rate declined sharply (from 10.14 per 1000 to 7.87 by 1932 and this trend
continued throughout the decade)

* The proportion of single women who were between 25 and thirty in 1935 is abut 30% higher than that same figure 5 years earlier.

*Not only was it too expensive to get married, it was too expensive to geta divorce and the divorce rate fell as well (1.66 to 1.28)

*Birth rate: during the 30s the birth rate fell to below replacement level for the first time in American history (and we will come back to this!!!) from 21.3 live births in 1930 to 18 by 1933

Question: Eleanor Roosevelt was the most controversial First Lady in the nation's history up til that point. Why was she controversial?
Answer: She sometimes disagreed with her husband in public
She was much more visible, wrote a book 'it’s up to the women,' was the first to give a press conference, spoke out against segregation and racism.

WWII

Question: What was the most common service position of women IN the war?
Answer: Nursing

Question: A female auxiliary of the armed forces OTHER that the W.A.S.Ps
Answer: Army: Women’s Army Corps 140,000
Navy: Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services 100,000
Air Force: Women Air force Service Pilots 1.074
Coast Guard SPARS Semper Paratus and its English translation, Always Ready13,000
Marines: Marine Corps Women’s Reserve 23,000


Question: This was the executive order signed by FDR in 1942 which removed Japanese-Americans to internment camps.
Answer: Executive Order 9066

Question: Approximate number of women who entered the work force for the first time and were generally called 'Rosies'
Answer: 6 million.

Question: This was one difference between the commonly conceived image of Rosie in J Howard Miller's 'we can do it' image and the actual Rosie image we discussed in class?
Answer: she is wearing overalls
she is eating a sandwich
she is resting her feet on mein kampf
she is wearing regular loafers
she is mirroring the prophet Isaiah image from the Sistine Chapel
She is holding a welding gun and wearing protective goggles and a wrist brace
she is wearing buttons in support of the war


1950s

Question: A book written in 1963 about women's unhappy lives in 1950s suburbia.
Answer: The Feminine Mystique

Question: Television shows about American housewives were very popular in the 1950s. How did their depiction of gender roles change from the early to the late part of that decade?
Answer: Early: women and their husbands sometimes fought and the women sometimes worked. Later: June Cleaver (no more fighting and working)

Question: Women emerged as a powerful purchasing force in the 1950s. How did advertisements typically depict the average housewife?
Answer: As a child, incapable of many basic skills and needing the guidance and discipline of her husband.

Question: In 1959 then Vice president Richard Nixon opened an exhibit at the American National Exhibition in Moscow on July 24, 1959. What aspect of American society did he present?
Answer: An American house, particularly a kitchen, to show capitalism was the way to a more comfortable and prosperous life.

Question: Despite the social repression of sexual activity in the 1950s, this man studied average american sexual patterns and discovered that people were having a lot of sex and often before marriage.
Answer: Alfred Kinsey