In addition to aerobic respiration, which of the following metabolic pathways include electron transfer phosphorylation?
a. the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
b. the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis
c. alcoholic fermentation
d. lactate fermentation
e. more than one of these
a. the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis
What is the role of oxygen gas in aerobic respiration?
a. providing electrons for NADH
b. accepting energy from glucose
c. accepting electrons from electron transport
d. providing kinetic energy for ATP synthase
e. donating electrons for electron transport
c. accepting electrons from electron transport
If an aerobic organism stopped taking in oxygen gas, which of the following processes would stop first?
a. the splitting of glucose into two pyruvates
b. the reduction of NAD+ to NADH
c. the release of carbon dioxide
d. electron transfer phosphorylation
e. the initiation of the Krebs Cycle
d. electron transfer phosphorylation
Unlike plants, fungi, and bacteria, animal cells cannot resist volume increases in hypotonic environments. This is because unlike those other organisms, animal cells
a. do not have central vacuoles.
b. do not have cell walls.
c. do not have pumps that can actively pump out excess fluid.
d. are smaller than those other cells and thus cannot handle large increases in volume.
e. have relatively more solutes.
b. do not have cell walls.
Oxygen, carbon dioxide, as well as other small molecules, cross the plasma membrane through the process(es) of
a. diffusion.
b. osmosis.
c. endocytosis and exocytosis.
d. active transport.
e. facilitated diffusion.
b. osmosis
Which of the following statements about blood cells in solutions is CORRECT?
a. A blood cell placed in an isotonic solution will swell.
b. A blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell.
c. A blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will shrink.
d. A blood cell placed in an isotonic solution will shrink.
e. A cell placed in a hypotonic solution will remain the same size.
b. A blood cell placed in a hypotonic solution will swell.
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. A solvent will diffuse from a hypotonic solution to a hypertonic solution.
b. A solvent will diffuse from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution.
c. The concentration of the solute is greater in a hypotonic solution than in a hypertonic solution.
d. A solvent will experience net flow between two isotonic solutions.
e. Osmosis only occurs when both solutions separated by a membrane are hypertonic.
b. A solvent will diffuse from a hypertonic solution to a hypotonic solution.
The net direction that an ion or molecule moves is
a. dependent upon the size of the molecule.
b. unpredictable because the movement is random.
c. the result of concentration differences.
d. controlled by the temperature of the medium.
e. controlled by the membranes in the vicinity.
c. the result of concentration differences.
A solute passively diffuses through a transport protein out of the cell. What is the tonicity of the fluid inside the cell?
a. hypertonic
b. hypotonic
c. isotonic
d. none of these
e. more than one of these Classification.
a. hypertonic
Which of the following molecules is the most common photosynthetic pigment in plants?
a. chlorophyll a
b. anthocyanin
c. chlorophyll b
d. beta-carotene
e. chlorophyll e
a. chlorophyll a
Pigments, specifically, function for photosynthesis by which of the following?
a. electron excitation and energy emission
b. reflection of light energy
c. splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen
d. capturing light
e. none of these
a. electron excitation and energy emission
In which of the following do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis take place?
a. thylakoid membranes
b. stroma
c. the outermost membrane
d. between the outermost and innermost membranes
e. a combination of more than one of these
a. thylakoid membranes
From where does the oxygen gas released in photosynthesis come?
a. water
b. carbon dioxide
c. sunlight
d. glucose
e. ATP
a. water
The energy that drives the light-independent reactions comes from
a. sunlight.
b. glucose.
c.carbon dioxide.
d. ATP and NADPH.
e. water and oxygen.
d. ATP and NADPH.
Which of the following statements related to photosynthesis is INCORRECT?
a. The first stage of photosynthesis occurs in thylakoid membranes and requires light.
b. The second stage of photosynthesis takes place in the stroma and does not require light.
c. During the light-dependent reactions, glucose is produced.
d. Water molecules are converted to oxygen gas.
e. The light independent reactions occur in the stroma.
c. During the light-dependent reactions, glucose is produced.
When light excites chlorophyll, the chlorophyll molecules
a. change to carotene.
b. become agitated and move rapidly.
c. become radioactive.
d. electrons jump to a higher energy level.
e. become ionized.
d. electrons jump to a higher energy level.
The electrons that are passed to NADP+ at the end of the electron transfer chain were obtained from
a. water.
b. CO2.
c. glucose.
d. sunlight.
e. ATP.
a. water
The splitting of water in photosynthes is
a. releases oxygen.
b. results in accumulation of H+ inside the thylakoid.
c. releases electrons.
d. helps to fill an electron hole in the second photosystem.
e. does all of these.
Answer: e. does all of these
Where are the light-independent reactions occurring?
a. in the cytoplasm
b. in the chloroplastic outer membrane
c. in the thylakoid membrane
d. in the stroma
e. in the matrix
d. in the stroma
Which of the following molecules serve as inputs for the light-independent reactions?
a. H2O, ATP, and NADPH
b. CO2, NADPH, and H2O
c. CO2 and NADPH
d. ATP, NADPH, H2O, and CO2
e. NADPH, ATP, and CO2
e. NADPH, ATP, and CO2
The carbon dioxide acceptor in the Calvin-Benson cycle of photosynthesis is
a. phosphoglycerate (PGA).
b. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
c. phosphoglyceraldehyde (PGAL).
d. glucose.
e. phosphoenol pyruvate.
b. ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP).
For a glucose molecule which is completely oxidized during the process of cellular respiration, what is the correct sequence of series of reactions?
I. glycolysis
II. phosphorylation
III. Krebs cycle
a. I >>> II >>> III
b. I >>> III >>> II
c. II >>> I >>> III
d. II >>> III >>> I
e. III >>> I >>> II
b. I >>> III >>> II
For glycolysis to occur,
a. glucose must enter the mitochondria.
b. there must be an input of energy from ATP.
c. oxygen must be available.
d. ATP syntase must be activated.
e. heat must be supplied.
b. there must be an input of energy from ATP.
When glucose is used as the energy source, the largest amount of ATP is produced in
a. glycolysis.
b. acetyl-CoA formation.
c. the Krebs cycle.
d. fermentation.
e. electron transfer phosphorylation.
e. electron transfer phosphorylation.
Ultimately, for aerobic organisms, where does the energy in ATP come from?
a. glucose
b. pyruvate
c. water
d. NADPH
e. sunlight
e. sunlight