Community of microorganisms living within a shared mass of slime
Biofilm
Semirigid but permeable structure that surrounds the plasma membrane of some cells.
Cell wall
Long, slender cellular structure used for movement
Flagellum
A protein filament that projects fromt he surface of some prokaryotic cells.
pilus
Organelle of protein synthesis.
Ribosome
Membrane enclosed organelle that is a continuous system of sacs and tubes extending form the nuclear envelope. Smooth ER makes lipids and breakds down carbohydrates and fatty acids; ribosomes on the surface of rough ER make polypeptides.
Endoplasmic reticulum
Organelle that modifies polypeptides with lipids, then repackages the finished products into vesicles.
Golgi body
Enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down celllular wastes and debris.
Lysosome
Eukaryotic organelle that produces ATP by aerobic respiration.
Mitochondrion
A double membrane that constitutes the outer boundary of the nucleus. Nulcear pores int he membrane control the entry and exit of large molecules.
Nuclear envelope
Enzyme-filled vesicle that breaks down amino acids, fatty acids, and toxi substances.
Peroxisome
Small, membrane-enclosed organelle, different kinds store, transport, or break down their contents.
Vesicle
Organelle of photosyntehsis in the cells of plants and photosynthetic protists.
Chloroplast
Short, movable structures that project from the plasma membrane of some eukaryotic cells.
Cilia
Network of protein filaments that support, organize and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structures.
Cytoskeleton
Stable cytoskeletal element that functions in cell movement, a fiber of actin subunits.
Intermediate filament
: Cytoskeletal element involved in movement, hollow filament of tubulin subunits.
Microtubule
Type of energy-using protein that interacts iwth cytoskeletal elements to move the cell's parts or the whole cell.
Motor Protein
A temporary protrusion that helps some eukaryotic cells move and engulf prey.
Pseudopod
Structure that connects a cell to another cell or to extracellular matrix.
Cell junction
Secreted covering at a body surface
Cuticle
Complex mixture of cell secretions, the composition and function of which vary by cell type.
Extracellular matrix (ECM):
The capacity to do work.
Energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
First law of thermodynamics
Energy tends to disperse spontaneously.
Second law of thermodynamics