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Praxis II Summaries d

Summaries

War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy

It delineates in graphic detail events leading up to Napoleon's invasion of Russia, and the impact of the Napoleonic era on Tsarist society, as seen through the eyes of five Russian aristocratic families. Portions of an earlier version were serialized in the magazine The Russian Messenger between 1865 and 1867. The novel was first published in its entirety in 1869. Newsweek in 2009 ranked it top of its list of Top 100 Books.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain

Here was this [black person] which I had as good as helped to run away, coming right out flat-footed and saying he would steal his children -- children that belonged to a man I didn't even know; a man that hadn't ever done me no harm.

Candide by Voltaire

In response to the questioning of other writers against the pessimism present in his poem regarding the deadly earthquake of Lisbon in 1755. It was a satire attacking war, religious persecution, and what he considered unwarranted optimism.

Slaughterhouse Five by Kurt Vonnegut

A veteran of World War II remembers being in Dresden during the firebombing and describes his postwar existence.

The Color Purple by Alice Walker

The story of a protagonist who is repeatedly raped by a man she thinks is her father. A missionary family in Africa adopts the resulting children. The protagonist's sister, Nettie, works for the missionary family, and the novel takes the form of a series of letters between the sisters. Name this Pulitzer Prize winning novel featuring Celie.

Summaries

The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde

The portrait of a sinful young man ages while the young man depicted in the portrait remains youthful; English Gothic novel.

The Glass Menegarie by Tennessee Williams

The play is introduced to the audience by Tom, the narrator and protagonist, as a memory play based on his recollection of his mother Amanda and his sister Laura. Because the play is based on memory, Tom cautions the audience that what they see may not be precisely what happened.Amanda Wingfield, a faded Southern belle of middle age, shares a dingy St. Louis apartment with her son Tom, in his early twenties, and his slightly older sister, Laura. Although she is a survivor and a pragmatist, Amanda yearns for the comforts and admiration she remembers from her days as a fêted debutante. She worries especially about the future of her daughter Laura, a young woman with a limp (an aftereffect of bout of polio) and a tremulous insecurity about the outside world. Tom works in a shoe warehouse doing his best to support the family. He chafes under the banality and boredom of everyday life and struggles to write, while spending much of his spare time going to the movies — or so he says — at all hours of the night.Amanda is obsessed with finding a suitor (or, as she puts it, a "gentleman caller") for Laura, whose crippling shyness has led her to drop out of both high school and a subsequent secretarial course, and who spends much of her time polishing and arranging her collection of little glass animals. Pressured by his mother to help find a caller for Laura, Tom invites an acquaintance from work named Jim home for dinner.The delighted Amanda spruces up the apartment, prepares a special dinner, and converses coquettishly with Jim, almost reliving her youth when she had an abundance of suitors calling on her. Laura discovers that Jim is the boy she was attracted to in high school and has often thought of since — though the relationship between the shy Laura and the "most likely to succeed" Jim was never more than a distant, teasing acquaintanceship. Initially, Laura is so overcome by shyness that she is unable to join the others at dinner, and she claims to be ill. After dinner, however, Jim and Laura are left alone by candlelight in the living room, waiting for the electricity to be restored. (Tom has not paid the power bill, which hints to the audience that he is banking the bill money and preparing to leave the household.) As the evening progresses, Jim recognizes Laura's feelings of inferiority and encourages her to think better of herself. He and Laura share a quiet dance, in which he accidentally brushes against her glass menagerie, knocking a glass unicorn to the floor and breaking off its horn. Jim then compliments Laura and kisses her. After Jim reveals that he is already engaged to be married, Laura asks him to take the broken unicorn as a gift and he then leaves. When Amanda learns that Jim is to be married, she turns her anger upon Tom and cruelly lashes out at him — although Tom did not know that Jim was engaged, and Amanda knows this.As Tom speaks at the end of the play, he says that he left home soon afterward and never returned. In Tom's final speech, he bids farewell to his mother and sister, and asks Laura to blow out the candles as the play ends.

To the Lighthouse by Virginia Woolfe

Charles Tansey convinces Lily Briscoe that women can neither write nor paint, James and the Ramsay family travel with Macalister to the title location.

Native Son by Richard Wright

Tells the Story of Bigger who is being convicted for murder.

A Good Man is Hard to Find by Flannery O'Conner

Short story by that epitomizes the genre of Southern Gothic. The story follows a family on vacation who get lost and whose car flips before they are found by the Misfit, an escaped convict.

Summaries

- teacher - centered or teacher facilitated instruction (direct instruction)

Explicit

Providing enough instructional guidance and support for students so that they will be successful in their use of reading strategies.

Instructional Scaffolding

An instructional approach in which reading, writing, listening, speaking, and viewing activities are connected through the use of literature.

Integrated Language Arts Approach

The prior knowledge and experience that readers bring to a reading situation.

Semantic Cues

An accommodation changes ______, whereas a modification changes ______ is taught!

How/What

Summaries

Many individual differences can be accommodated through __________ or by flexible teachers who are sensitvie to individual learning styles and dispositions.

Ability Grouping

What is ability grouping?

Ability Grouping is the practice of placing students in groups based on academic ability or achievement.

A brief story that illustrates or makes a point.

Anecdote

A wise saying usually short and witty.

Aphorism

A character, plot, theme, or setting that appears in literature across cultures and is repeated over time.

Archetype

Summaries

A group of literary works considered by some to be central to literary tradition. Western canon includes Shakespeare, homer, Hemingway, Faulkner, frost, Dickinson etc.

Canon

Repetition of the final consonant sound in words containing different vowels. For example, stroke of luck.

Consonance

Language that intentionally distorts or disguises meaning. May take form of a euphemism, like let go for fired or passed away for fired. Can also disguise meaning in an intentional effort to deceive, vinyl being genuine imitation leather.

Double Speak

A character who acts in contrast to another character.

A foil

A literary device in which a story is enclosed in another story.

Frame Story