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Chapter 1 Review

Chapter Vocabulary

Question: What is the smallest basic unit of matter?
Answer: atom

Question: True/false:
Energy is a form of matter.
Answer: False.
Matter is anything that has mass and volume.

Question: What is the difference between mass and weight?
Answer: Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
Weight is the amount of gravitational pull on an object.

Question: If a substance has more than 1 type of particle it is ___(pure/mixed).
Air is an example of a ___ substance.
Answer: mixed (not pure)
mixed (because it has many types of molecules in it)

Question: Explain how an element and a compound are different.
Answer: An element is a substance with 1 type of atom. An example of an element is hydrogen (or any other element on the periodic table).
A compound is a substance with more than 1 type of atoms. An example of a compound is water. It can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.

States of Matter

Question: True or false:
The states of matter are: solids, liquids, gases and energy.
Answer: False.
Exclude energy.
The states of matter are: solids, liquids and gases.

Question: The particles in a ___ are the most spread out.
Answer: gas

Question: What happens to the particles in a solid?
Answer: The vibrate or twist in place. The object does not move.

Question: Give an example of a liquid by using the definition of a liquid.
Answer: Water.
Has fixed volume; does not have fixed shape (takes the shape of its container)

Question: States of matter are distinguished by ___ and ___.
Answer: particle arrangement and particle movement

Gas Laws

Question: Which law is about the relationship between pressure and volume?
Answer: Boyle's Law

Question: Charles' Law is an example of a(n) ___ relationship.
Answer: direct

Question: This picture represents ___ Law.
Answer: Boyle's Law

Question: Explain how students in a classroom on a hot day can represent Charles' Law.
Answer: When people are hot they tend to spread apart because they don't want to be touching.
When the gas is heated the particles spread apart.

Question: According to ___'s law, when you put an inflated balloon in the freezer it will ___ because ___.
Answer: Charles'
shrink
temperature down = volume down

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Math

Question: The formula to find the volume of a regularly shaped object is ___.
Answer: length times height times width

Question: The unit for representing volume of an irregularly-shaped object is ___.
Answer: cm³

Question: To find the volume of an irregular object, a scientist needs to use a ___.
Answer: graduated cylinder

Question: Find the volume of a shoe box with these measurements:
length = 36 cm
width = 22 cm
height = 14 cm
Answer: 11, 088 cm^3

Question: Explain how to find the volume of a dice that has been placed in a graduated cylinder.
Answer: Trick question:
Don't need to do water displacement because a dice is a regularly-shaped 3D object so you can measure the volume by doing length times width times height.