eQuizShow
Psychology
3.1
Question: The sum of all EXTERNAL conditions that affect a person. Ex. Learning to swim/use a computer
Answer: Environment
Question: The transmission of PHYSICAL and PSYCHOLOGICAL characteristics from parents to off spring through genes. EX. Human cells - DNA/chromosomes.
Answer: Heredity
Question: Pattern of physical development from conception to death.
Answer: Human Growth sequence
Question: Study of progressive changes in behaviors and abilities from conception to death. "Womb to Tomb"
Answer: Developmental psychology
Question: Physical care of personality, including emotional and perceptual sensitivity energy levels, typical mood, etc.
Answer: Temperament.
3.2 & 3.3
Question: New born's have adaptive reflexes
Answer: 1) Grasping reflex – Survival (avoid falling)
2) Rooting reflex – Search (reflexive head turning and nursing)
3) Sucking reflex – Obtain food.
4) Moro reflex – Responses
Question: Areas of Development
Answer: 1) Motor – Movement, learn to control actions
2) Emotional – Develop basics; fear, anger, joy & sadness
3) Social – Relationships (parents, siblings)
4) Language – Ability to communicate (cooing)
5) Cognitive – Transformation (ability to change)
Question: Importance of social development:
Answer: 1) Lays a foundation for relationships with parents, siblings and others.
2) First step into word
3) Aware of oneself as a separate person-initial “self-awareness”
Question: Areas involved in the social development of a child:
Answer: 1) Attachment
Emotional
Security
Affectional
ex. Care givers.
2) Play and social skills
Activity and enjoyment
ex. Solitary play, co-operative play
Question:
Answer:
3.4
Question: A frame work of guide lines for acceptable behavior
Answer: Discipline Styles
Question: Types:
Answer: 1) Power assertion
Physical punishment or show of force
ex. taking away toys or privileges.
(Associated with fear, hatred or parents and a lack of spontaneity and warmth)
Side effects:
Tend to be defiant, rebellious and aggressive.
2) With drawl of love
Withhold affection to enforce child discipline.
Ex. refusing to speak, threatening to leave.
Side effects:
Child may be anxious, insecure, needing approval
3) Management Techniques:
Combining praise, recognition, approval, rules and reasoning to enforce discipline.
Side effects:
Direct connection between discipline and a child’s self-esteem
as a parent, you need to carefully adjust to a child’s level
Question: Regarding one's self as a worthwhile person, a positive evolution of self
Answer: Self-esteem
Question: Parenting styles:
Answer: ) Authoritarian
Enforce rigid rules and demand strict obedience to authority
Children usually obedient, elf-controlled, with drawn, emotionally stiff.
2) Permissive
Give little guidance, allow much freedom, do not require child to take responsibility
Children usually dependent, immature, misbehave, aimless
3) Authoritative
Supply firm and consistent guidance combined with love and affection
Children usually competent, assertive, independent, inquiring
Question: Maternal VS. Paternal:
Answer: Maternal Influences:
The total of all psychological effects mothers have on their children.
- Generally they have a greater impact.
- Physically and emotional care giving.
- Speak to infants more
- Play more conventional games (peek-a-boo).
Paternal Influences:
Totally of all psychological effects fathers have on their children.
- More likely to play and tell stories.
- More tactile. (Tickling)
- Dad’s more likely to engage in unusual play.
3.5 & 3.6
Question: Stages of Language:
Answer: Language Acquisition
- Baby attempts to communicate. (Ex. Cooing, babble, single word stage, telegraphic speech)
2) Language – Terrible Two’s
- Communication more independent
- Looks intently, makes eye contact
- Vocabulary and language skills grow at a phenomenal rate
3) Roots of Language
- Linguist Noam Chomsky claimed that humans have a biological predisposition or heredity readiness to develop language.
Question: The presumed heredity readiness of humans to learn certain skills, such as how to use language, or a readiness to behave in certain ways.
Answer: Biologial predisposition
Question: What is Jean Piagets theory of cogitative development:
Answer: - Jean Piaget believed that all children pass through a series of distinct stage in intellectual development.
- Develop in an order sequence.
- Process of assimilation and accommodation
Question: Assimilation and Accommodation difference:
Answer: Assimilation
The application of existing mental patterns to fit new demands.
Accommodation
The modification of existing mental patterns to fit new demands.
Question: Stages of cognitive development:
Answer: Stages
1) Sensorimotor Stage (0-2)
- Non-verbal
- Sensory input and motor responses become co-ordinated.
2) Preoperational (2-7)
- Use language, think symbolically, yet remain intuitive and ego-centric in thought.
3) Concrete Operational (7-11)
- Concept of time, space, numbers, but simple.
- Concrete rather than abstract.
4) Formal Operations (11+)
- Thinking that includes abstract theory and hypothetical ideas.
3.7
Question: Development of values, beliefs and thinking that acts as a guide regarding what is acceptable behaviour.
Answer: Moral Development
Question: 3 levels of moral development:
Answer: 1) Pre conventional (Thinking about themselves)
- Lowest level of moral development
- Guided by consequences of actions. (Punishment, reward, exchange of favors)
- Ex. She shouldn’t steal (ACTION), get caught, go to jail (CONSEQUENCE-PUNISHMENT).
2) Conventional (Thinks about others think)
- Second level.
- Thinking is based on a desire to please others or to follow accepted rules and values.
- Ex. She should not steal because others will think she is a thief
3) Post Conventional (The bigger picture of life)
- Highest level.
- Based on carefully examined and self-chosen oral principles.
- Place a high value on justice, dignity, equality.
- Ex. He should steal the drug and inform the authorities. He would have saved a human life.
Question: Conflict between personal impluses and social world
Answer: Psychosocial dilemma
Question: Stages of psychosoical dilemmas (Erkison)
Answer: Stages (Refer to text)
1) Trust (touch/love) vs. Mistrust (rejection) first year
2) Autonomy (Try new skills) vs. Shame / Doubt (Accidents) 1-3 year
3) Initiative (Use of imagination) vs. Guilt (Discouragement) 3-5 year
4) Industry (Praise for good) vs. Inferiority (Disregard) - Inferor 6-12 year
5) Identity (Mature) vs. Role Confusion (Self uncertainty) - Adolence
6) Intimacy (Ability to care) vs. Isolation (Alone) - Early adult hood
7) Generatively (Balance adulthood) vs. Stagnant (Life loss) - middle adult hood
8) Integrity (Self-respect) vs. Despair (Remorse / Heartache) - late adult hood
Question: Discuss theroies of effective parenting:
Answer: 1) Consistency
With respect to child discipline, the maintenance of stable rules and conduct.
- Gives child sense of security and stability
- Inconsistency makes child angry and confused
2) Using discipline constructively
- Use guidelines to control child’s behavior
* Emphasis on communication
3) Parent child relationship
- 4 basic ingredients; 1) mutual respect, 2) shared enjoyment, 3) love, 4) encouragement