d. In African American Vernacular English (AAVE), use AUX 'be' for habitual aspect
The Principle of Linguistic Subordination would predict
a. Ls spoken in developing countries will have an extensive national literature
b. A speaker of Appalachian English will, on average, earn more per year than a speaker of Standard English
c. Double negatives will be stigmatized in English, but not French or Russian
d. Speakers of Standard English are taught in school to code-switch to Latino English
e. MS Word will soon have a grammar checker function for Jamaican Creole English but not Russian
c. Double negatives will be stigmatized in English, but not French or Russian
Which is true of L change?
a. Standardization attempts to slow it
b. The newer a language is, the less it changes
c. Males lead L change
d. r-lessness is a growing L change in the Southern U.S.
e. Other Ls that have contact with English do NOTinfluence how it changes.
a. Standardization attempts to slow it
In African American English, completitive done signals
a. aspect marking which signals a habitually occuring event
b. tense marking which locates the event in the past
c. aspect marking which signals an event is 'cut off' and finished
d. tense marking which locates an event in the present.
c. aspect marking which signals an event is 'cut off' and finished
Which of the following is an abstract noun?
a. shoes
b. ice
c. paint
d. liberty
e. book
d. liberty
Which of the following are reflected in English orthography?
a. abstract nouns
b. concrete nouns
c. pronouns
d. proper nouns
e. none of the above
d. proper nouns
These nouns can occur with words that express QUANTITIES (a/an, another, both, each, every, many...):
a. pronouns
b. countable nouns
c. uncountable nouns
d. a. and b.
e. none of the above
b. countable nouns
MASS NOUNS can't be pluralized, EXCEPT for:
a. concrete nouns
b. abstract nouns
c. proper nouns
d. countable nouns
e. common nouns
c. proper nouns
Which of the following is NOT an inflectional affix?
a. 3rd. sg. -s
b. Plural -s
c. past tense -ed
d. nominalizer -ment
e. all of the above
d. nominalizer -ment
Which of the following is a TRUE statement?
a. Numerals always precede DET
b. Partitive NPs never include numerals or quantifiers
c. The possessive affix occurs on the entire NP
d. The plural affix occurs on every element of the NP (e.g. N, Det, any adjectives, etc.)
e. All of the above
c. The possessive affix occurs on the entire NP
Which of the following is a modal?
a. have
b. be
c. can
d. swim
c. can
Every clause must have at least one
a. main verb
b. modal
c. AUX verb
d. infinitive
e. None of the above
a. main verb
We build main verbs through
a. derivation
b. affixation
c. conversion
d. none of the above
e. all of the above
e. all of the above
These show up after modals as well as certain verb of perception, causation, or permission:
a. participles
b. present tense verbs
c. bare infinitives
d. derivational inflections
e. auxiliary verbs
c. bare infinitives
Aspect tells:
a. WHEN the verb occurs
b. HOW the verb occurs
c. WITH WHOM the verb occurs
d. at what level the verb occurs
e. none of the above
b. HOW the verb occurs
The order of verbs in a verb string is
a. (modal) (AUX be) (AUX have) (main verb)
b. (modal) (AUX have) (AUX be) (main verb)
c. (AUX be) (AUX have) (main verb) (modal)
d. (main verb) (modal) (AUX have) (AUX be)
(modal) (AUX have) (AUX be) (main verb)
These help express future tense in English:
a. copula
b. semi-modals
c. modals
d. aspect
e. passives
c. modals
Which sentence contains 2 AUXs?
a. I might could go to the store
b. She has been studying all night
c. He hit the ball
d. She is studying tonight
e. All of the above
b. She has been studying all night