eQuizShow

Review of the Industrial Revolution

Agricultural Revolution

Question: Name TWO agricultural techniques that came into use in the 18th century.
Answer: Crop rotation
Use of animal manure as fertilizer
Selection of higher-quality seed
Improvement of the plough
Invention of the thresher driven by a water wheel

Question: Explain "crop rotation" - what is? What are the benefits?
Answer: The English discovered they could cultivate all their fields if they rotated their crops. This meant they could grow multiple crops simultaneously, as long as they planted different species. Rotating crops meant that land could keep its fertility while producing more.

Question: What is the name of the man who created a mechanical drill for planting seeds? What other device did he create?
Answer: Jethro Tull
He also created a horse-drawn hoe that broke up and loosened soil

Question: Wealthy landowners started adopting new farming practices, experienced success, and purchased smaller farms. What did these landowners do with their lands and what is this movement called?
Answer: The land owners began fencing in public lands that were once used communally.
This is known as the Enclosure Movement

Question: What was one benefit of the increased agricultural yields (more food produced) in regard to livestock?
Answer: Higher yields meant that farmers were able to feed their animals throughout the winter - there was no need to slaughter livestock in the fall for fear of not being able to feed them

New Technologies

Question: The Industrial Revolution first took hold in Britain's largest industry. Which industry was that?
Answer: The textile industry

Question: Why did the British want to import cotton? Why was it cheap for them to import?
Answer: Because coloured cloth from India was what European consumers wanted to buy, and Britain wanted a share of the market.
It was cheap because England purchased raw materials from its Australian, American, and West Indian colonies, where prices were low because cotton plantations were run on slave labour

Question: What is the 'putting-out' or 'domestic' system?
Answer: Raw cotton was distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into cloth. Skilled artisans then finished and dyed the cloth before it went to market.

Question: Name the two devices (their name and the inventor) that used hand power to weave cotton thread.
Answer: John Kay's - Flying Shuttle
James Hargreaves - Spinning Jenny

Question: Manufacturers built long sheds to keep weaving machinery in. Why were these sheds close to streams initially?
Answer: Sheds needed to be to close to streams to harness the power of the water, which was used for the water-powered machines

Way of Life

Question: Prior to the Industrial Revolution most people lead a _________________ way of life. What does this mean?
Answer: SIMPLE way of life
They used hand-made tools, lived in simple dwellings, did not travel great distances

Question: At the beginning of the Industrial Age, the rural way of life began to change. Name TWO ways that it changed.
Answer: People bought machine-made goods
People shopped at markets
People moved to the cities and lived in multistory buildings
Travelers used steam engines and trains

Question: What is one explanation for why small rural farmers moved to cities?
Answer: They moved in search of work.

Larger farms owned by wealthy landowners bought them out.
Small farms couldn't compete and were forced to move when they couldn't pay rent.

Or

Larger farms were more efficient and not as much labour was needed.
Men and families moved to the cities in search of work.

Question: What was the principal method of transporting merchandise in Britain in the late 18th century?
Answer: Transported by boats called barges using a network of canals.

Question: Explain population growth. What led to the increased population?
Answer: Death rates declined because people were living a healthier life because of better nutrition and advances in public health.
Fewer babies were dying because of better nutrition and advances in public health.

Hodge Podge

Question: In which centuries did the Industrial Revolution/Age take place?
Answer: The 18th and 19th centuries

Question: Give one example of a grain and one example of a legume.
Answer: Grain - Wheat, barely, oats
Legume - Clover, alfalfa

Question: What does the term "yield" mean?
Answer: The size of the harvest in relation to the surface cultivated

Question: What did population growth in Europe lead to (besides a growing labour force)?
Answer: An increased demand for consumer goods

Question: What was Britain's main export by 1820?
Answer: Cotton cloth

Contributing Factors

Question: What factors led to a increased labour supply? Name two.
Answer: Increasing birth rate
Declining death rate
Small farmers leaving rural towns to work in city factories

Question: Which natural resources was Britain rich in? Where did they import other resources from? Which resource was brought in more so than others?
Answer: Britain was rich in coal and iron ore
England imported resources from its colonies
Cotton was imported to be used in making textiles - picked by slave labour

Question: What did the idea of being able to generate large profits motivate entrepreneurs and those with capital to do?
Answer: Build factories
Develop more efficient methods of producing goods
Search for new markets

Question: What is meant by the term "capital"? For example, "Britain had capital and was ready to invest in new industries". Who had the capital?
Answer: Capital means money or goods.
Wealthy landowners and merchants had capital

Question: How did the British government feel about entrepreneurial activities?
Answer: The British government encouraged and supported entrepreneurial initiatives.
Laws were passed that protected businesses and helped them expand.